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Page 18 | Abby's Magazine - www.AbbysHealthAndNutrition.com Hormones are molecules produced and secreted by endocrine glands in the body. These hormones are released into the blood and travel to other parts of the body where they bring about specific responses from specific cells. The term steroid describes both hormones produced by the body and artificially produced medications that duplicate the action of naturally occurring steroids. How Steroid Hormones Work Steroid hormones cause changes within a cell by first passing through the cell membrane of the target cell. Steroid hormones, unlike non-steroid hormones, can do this because they are fat-soluble. Cell membranes are composed of a phospholipid bilayer, which prevents fat-insoluble molecules from diffusing into the cell. Once inside the cell, the steroid hormone binds with a specific receptor found only in the cytoplasm of the target cell. The receptor bound steroid hormone then travels into the nucleus and binds to another specific receptor on the chromatin. Once bound to the chromatin, this steroid hormone-receptor complex calls for the production of specific RNA molecules called messenger RNA (mRNA) by a process called transcription. The mRNA molecules are then modified and transported to the cytoplasm. The mRNA molecules are then modified and transported to the cytoplasm. The mRNA molecules code for the production of proteins through a process called translation. These proteins can be used to build muscle. Anabolic Steroid Hormones Anabolic steroid hormones are synthetic substances that are related to the male sex hormones. They have the same mechanism of action within the body. Anabolic steroid hormones stimulate the production of protein, which is used to build muscle. They also lead to an increase in the production of testosterone. Testosterone is the hormone responsible for the development of male reproductive organs and male secondary sex characteristics. Testosterone is also critical in the development of lean muscle mass. Anabolic steroid hormones also promote the release of the growth hormone, which stimulates growth, especially skeletal growth. What are Steroid Hormones? What are Steroid Hormones?