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> MORE ON PAGE 22 in multiple studies, and have been shown to be very effective [11]. Aluminum has a tendency to develop a relatively positive charge after physical contact with most materials, while PTFE tends to develop a very negative charge. In the harvester design developed, Fig. 3, there are two layers of aluminum-coated PE, with a PTFE sheet stacked between them. The triboelectric energy harvester is designed to mimic a tier sheet to be used between product layers on a pallet load, Fig. 4. With this design, multiple triboelectric energy harvester tier sheets could be used on a single pallet of product. This configuration within the package system allows for the energy harvester to be located in a position that experiences a significant amount of mechanical energy in the form of pallet and product shock and vibration. Regardless of the transportation mode, there is a significant amount of vibration and mechanical energy input [19], and this study considers both shock and vibration inputs. Power Applications Three specific applications selected for this study are a HOBO UX-100 temperature / humidity data logger, a Copernicus II, 12 channel GPS module, and a Lansmont 3X90 field data recorder, listed in order of increasing power requirements. The HOBO UX-100 Temperature / Humidity Data Logger is a small data logger that continuously records temperature and humidity, and is able to do so for long periods of time on a single battery charge. This device is typically used in warehouses, but could be used in a number of environments. It may be used in the context of packaging to continuously monitor the package's environment throughout its distribution cycle. It has relatively low power requirements, only using a small 3V coin cell battery and drawing 1 – 3 mA continuously [20]. The Copernicus II, 12 channel GPS module is a simple GPS unit that requires very little power and may be used in a wide variety of applications. The Copernicus II requires 44 mA at 3.3V to be fully powered. The sampling frequency can be modified with these units so that the unit may survive for days before the battery must be recharged. In distribution, expensive medical, pharmaceutical, and electronic device packages are frequently tracked through the environment, which is a need that may be easily met by imbedding this unit into the pallet or package system [21]. A Lansmont 3X90 Field Data Recorder is a "best in class" data recorder that has an internal triaxial accelerometer, temperature sensor, and humidity sensor. It is capable, when fully powered, of running for a full ninety days. For this run time to be possible, the 3X90 uses an industrial 9V battery that can provide up to 150mA continuously to the unit. This unit is widely used in the distribution industry for characterization of the distribution environment, for which it is incredibly useful [22]. 21 ista views • December 2016 • www.ista.org Figure 3: Triboelectric Harvester, Vertical Stack Design. B-flute Corrugate Aluminum-coated PE Teflon TM (PTFE) 1.27cm x 2.54cm Cushions (Qty. 4) Aluminum-coated PE B-flute Corrugate Figure 4: Unit load with tier sheet between 5th and 6th product layers.