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Figure 5: Single stack with tier sheet between 5th and 6th product layers. Experimental Validation The ability of the triboelectric energy harvester described above to generate usable amounts of power is validated using a servo hydraulic vibration system (Lansmont Corporation) and a stack of packaged automotive electrical components. In place of a full-size pallet load tier sheet, the triboelectric energy harvester developed is sized for the single stack, Fig 5. The harvester is placed between layers five and six in the stack, and the ISTA steel spring random vibration profile is used as the input [23]. Figure 6 illustrates the voltage response of the triboelectric harvester. In addition to random vibration, shocks are used to excite the harvester and generate electricity. The voltage response of the triboelectric energy harvester to the package dropped from 20 in. is illustrated in Fig. 7. In both cases, the energy harvested is of sufficient current and voltage to charge a 3.7 V, rechargeable, coin-cell battery capable of powering both the temperature/relative humidity logger and the GPS units detailed in Tab. 1. While not sufficient in the partial pallet size tier sheet, a full-size tier sheet or the use of multiple tier sheets could provide the necessary power to supply the field data recorder. Figure 6: Shock response of triboelectric energy harvester to packaged product drop. Figure 7: Vibration response of triboelectric harvester to ISTA Steel Spring profile. 23 ista views • December 2016 • www.ista.org > MORE ON PAGE 24